Whole plastid genome-based phylogenomics supports an inner placement of the O. insectifera group rather than a basal position in the rapidly diversifying Ophrys genus (Orchidaceae)

Some lineages of the orchid genus Ophrys exhibit among highest diversification rates reported so far. As a consequence such intense and rapid evolution, systematics taxonomy this remain unclear. A hybrid assembly approach based-on long- short-read genomic data allowed us to outperform classical methods successfully assemble whole plastid genomes for two new species Ophrys: O. aymoninii lutea. Along with three other previously genome sequences, we then reconstructed first plastome-based molecular phylogeny including representatives mains recognized lineages. Our results support placement insectifera clade as sister group “non-basal Ophrys” rather than basal position. findings corroborate recent obtained from (RAD-seq transcriptomes) but contrast previous ones. These therefore confirm that phylogenetic hypotheses based on limited number loci (e.g. nrITS, matK, rbcL) may have provided biased picture relationships within possibly plant taxa.